Meet the man translating programming into Indian languages

Cohan Sujay Carlos and I are hunched over his laptop at a coffee shop. At the end of a short USB cord sits a small green and black Arduino board.

The Arduino is processing the code that we’ve typed into his computer as input. Once we run the code, a few LED lights on the board flicker on and off. That Arduino can be connected to another object for the output to have different effects, like a bicycle jacket with arrows that light up when a driver signals left or right.

It’s not an odd sight for Bangalore, where metro stations double as labs for tinkerers. Arduinos, open source and affordable, can be an easy way to teach children about electronics. Artists use them to create interactive exhibits, and many use Arduinos to hack away at their own devices at home.

Cohan Sujay Carlos, founder of Aiaioo labs.

There is something a little different about what Cohan and I are doing, though. We’re communicating with the Arduino in Kannada, the native language of Bangalore.

Type bari in the curly Kannada script to generate the command for “write”. Ankiya replaces the command for “digital”. Users can also type in Hindi and Tamil. For Cohan it’s a project – one of many with his company, Aiaioo labs. But the project is a small step toward answering a larger question: how can those who don’t speak English keep up with programming?

A work in progress

The idea was sparked during a visit Cohan made to Tamil Nadu in 2009. There, he met a small startup that was using Arduino to teach children about robotics and electronics. The founder brought up an interesting point: most children didn’t speak English, making it difficult to grasp basic programming knowledge.

Cohan couldn’t get the conversation out of his head. When he returned to Bangalore, he worked with his team on a research paper on the matter. Then, they went in search of someone who would give his team money to work on the project. “Nobody would fund us,” he laughs.

Money did find its way into Aiaioo’s hands, but in Bangalore’s typical casual fashion. While sipping chai at his favorite tea stand, Cohan saw a man wearing an Arduino shirt.

“I said, hey – are you a hacker or something?,” he recounts. “He said – I’m setting up an office in Bangalore.”

The two met up a few more times, and Cohan eventually got around to telling him about his work. “After hearing it, he said he’d be happy to help.” The Arduino team helped Aiaioo break and build out a code that fit the Arduino programming language.

Cohan describes the challenges they faced as necessary stepping stones to understanding the world of translating code between languages. One – while words for the internet, computers, and coding descriptors have easily found their way into English, they’re still vague in languages like Kannada.

Take the command “analogWrite”. Running it will send an analog value to a pin, which can light up an LED on an Arduino board, or run a motor.

In Kannada, figuring out the word for “analog” was tough. There was ankiya, which meant digital. The natural inclination was to reverse it to make anankiya – as in “anti”-ankiya, or digital.

Soon, a friend who was helping with the Kannada translations had a better idea. Instead of finding a word that was an exact fit, she suggested they translate the meaning.

“First, she said – ‘write without spaces,’ but after thinking some more, we realized that ‘write value’ – maulyavantu bari – would make sense for the command,” says Carlos. “And that made analogDigital ‘write number’, or ‘ankeyannu bari’.”

Before its time?

An Arduino makes it possible to tweet to your coffee pot and have a fresh brew ready before you get home. Photo credit: Instructables.

Cohan is patient with the project. As the founder of Aiaioo labs, a small research lab that studies artificial intelligence, he explains that the technology they’ve produced has always been ahead of the curve.

It was one of the first to pioneer “intention analysis”, for example. The technology focused on the context of words. If someone tweets “who knows of a good Canon camera,” they’re not describing its quality. Intention analysis would try to pick up on the actual reason that tweet was sent out.

The local language Arduino script may be ahead of its time – but it may also be without context. Cohan questions that aspect as well.

“Is it more important for children to learn English or Arduino programming language?,” he asks. “And, if they start by coding in Kannada or Tamil, will they find it difficult to progress to other coding languages, which are primarily in English?”

But he places a lot of responsibility on schools. If they’ve chosen to provide a non-English core curriculum, then it’s their responsibility to make up for the knowledge their students miss out on.

It’s most important to put the code out there, he says, and that’s why the language is open source and available on Aiaioo’s website. With the Arduino movement gaining traction in India, an inspired individual might take the code and find an important and practical use for it – and maybe even open up new venues for electronics.

Until then, the focus of the project is the impact it’s had on the handful of people who have been empowered by the Arduino language translation. And Cohan will keep on tinkering.

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from Tech in Asia https://www.techinasia.com/aiaioo-labs-arduino-translation
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